Learning a new language is a fascinating journey, and I love supporting adult English learners to help them achieve their goals, gain confidence in speaking and improving their proficiency. I do this by teaching languages in a practical yet natural way, which I feel (backed up by science!) is most effective, especially for intermediate and advanced learners. I use a variety of methods to both complement intuitive learning and to address the variety of learning styles in my students. One of these methods is the cognitive approaches to language learning, which I have found helps to makes your English learning experience much more engaging and effective.
As a caveat, this article does dive into the theoretical a bit, which may appeal to those of you who also have tiny geeky “how things work” side to you. But I have also included a practical angle so that you will see how the theory applies to your learning. So if you’re ready for a bit of an educational ride – let’s explore three cognitive theories so you can understand why I use them!
Cognitive Code Theory
In the 1960s, Cognitive Code Theory emerged, combining ideas from Chomsky’s transformational grammar and Carroll’s cognitive psychology. This theory suggests that we have a natural ability to understand language rules intuitively, even before formal instruction. In my teaching, I encourage you to observe patterns and make connections on your own. Rather than just copying examples, you’ll actively engage in discovering the rules of the language.
This approach aligns perfectly with intuitive teaching methods, like those based on Krashen’s theory of language acquisition. By exploring language in an intuitive way, you can tap into your natural problem-solving skills.
Information Processing Theory
Barry McLaughlin’s Information Processing Theory, proposed in 1983, is another important cognitive approach I use. This theory sees language learning as building schemas and using strategies to improve comprehension and retention. We start with a conscious process that becomes automatic through practice. As you improve and master new language skills, you’ll be able to focus on more complex tasks.
This theory supports intuitive teaching by emphasizing the importance of mastering foundational skills before moving on to more challenging material. We will practice these basics until they become second nature, freeing up your mind for more advanced concepts.
Cognitive Linguistics
Cognitive Linguistics looks at how language interacts with our thoughts and evolves with changes in our collective mindset. It highlights the strong connection between language and meaning. In our lessons, we’ll focus on understanding the meanings and cultural associations behind words, not just memorizing vocabulary and grammar rules.
By exploring deeper meanings and cultural contexts, you’ll gain a richer understanding of the language and how it’s used in real-life situations.
Practical Applications
Cognitive theories have greatly influenced modern language teaching practices, especially the communicative approach, which focuses on meaningful communication and learner-centered activities. Here’s how we’ll apply these cognitive theories in our lessons:
- We’ll discover language patterns and rules together through guided exploration,
- I’ll design activities that use your existing knowledge to help you make connections,
- Mistakes are part of the learning process. We’ll use them to understand your cognitive processes and improve, and
- We’ll use technology-based cognitive tools like mind maps and visualization aids to support your learning.
Blending intuitive teaching methods with cognitive approaches helps to create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that leverages your natural problem-solving abilities. This will make your language learning journey both effective and enjoyable.
Remember, learning a language is a journey, and I’m here to guide you along the way. Whether you are interested in the theory behind the learning or not, together, we’ll unlock your potential and make English learning an exciting adventure!
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Sources
Dey, M. (2021). Psychological processes in language learning and teaching: Scoping review and future research directions. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 3(2), 105-110.
Horaničová, Z. The influence of cognitive psychology in second language instruction. Unpublished manuscript. Department of Foreign Languages, P. J. Šafárik University, Košice, Slovakia. Retrieved from: https://www.phil.muni.cz/angl/thepes/thepes_01_17.pdf
Smarter.co.uk. (n.d.). Cognitive theory. Retrieved May 28, 2024, from https://smarter.co.uk/explanations/english/language-acquisition/cognitive-theory/
Wiącek, M. (2024, April 18). Cognitive code theory in language learning. Encyclopedia. Retrieved July 01, 2024, from https://www.taalhammer.com/cognitive-code-theory-in-language-learning/